Stress Management in Organizations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i1.344Keywords:
stres ocupațional, prevenție primară, prevenție secundară, prevenŃie terțiară, intervenții fundamentate empiricAbstract
Employee stress has increasingly become a concern for many organizations. Although it is not possible to eliminate stress entirely, people can learn to manage it. Many organizations have adopted occupational stress management programs to try and reduce the stress levels of their workforce. The high cost of work stress related problems highlights the need to spend more time evaluating work stress interventions and publishing the findings so that other organizations can gain insight into programs of merit. This article explore the three major approaches in stress management - primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and outline the importance of an evidence-based approach to stress management interventions. It is argued that an evidence-based approach will lead to advances in intervention practices. We also outline recommendations regarding planning and interpreting occupational stress management research in order to improve stress management interventions.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aryee, S., Luk, V., Leung, A., & Lo, S. (1999). Role Stressors, Interrole Conflict, and Well-Being: The Moderating Influence of Spousal Support and Coping Behaviors among Employed Parents in Hong Kong. Journal of Vocational Behavior,54, 259-278.
Atella, M.D. (1999). Case Studies in the Development of Organizational Hardiness. From Theory to Practice. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 51, 2, 125-134.
Best, R.G., Stapleton, L.M., & Downey, R.G. (2005). Core Self-Evaluations and Job Burnout: The Test of Alternative Models. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,10, 4, 441-451.
Bond, F.W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5,1, 156-163.
Briner, R.B. (1997). Improving Stress Assessment: Toward an Evidence-Based Approach to Organizational Stress Interventions. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 61-71.
Bruck, C.S., & Allen, T.D. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 457-472.
Bunce, D., & Stephenson, K. (2000). Statistical Considerations in the Interpretation of Research on Occupational Stress Management Interventions. Work & Stress, 14, 3, 197-212.
Capotescu, R. (2006). Stresul ocupațional. Teorii, modele, aplicații. Iași: Editura Lumen.
Capotescu, R. (2007). Aspecte metodologice în investigarea stresului ocupațional. Tehnici și metode de diagnoză. În M. Milcu, C. Răulea, R. Sassu (Eds.) Cercetarea psihologică modernă: Direcții și Perspective, Sibiu: Psihomedia, p 113-121.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C.L. (1996). Public Policy and Occupational Health Psychology in Europe. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 4, 349-361.
Cassidy, C., & O'Connor, R.C. (2004). Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology Copyright 2004 by the American Psychological Association 51, 3, 329-339.
Caulfield, N., Chang, D., Dollard, M.F., & Elshaug, C. (2004). A Review of Occupational Stress Interventions in Australia. International Journal of Stress Management,11, 2, 149-166.
Contrada, R.J. (1989). Type A Behavior, Personality Hardiness, and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,57, 5, 895-903
Cooper, C.L., & Cartwright, S. (1997). An Intervention Strategy for Workplace Stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 7-16.
Cooper, C.L., & Cartwright, S. (2001). Organizational Management of Stress and Destructive Emotions at Work. In R.L. Payne, C.L. Cooper, (Eds.), Emotions at Work. Theory, Research and Applications for Management, Chichester, England, John Wiley and Sons, p. 269-280.
Daniels, K., & Guppy, A. (1997). Stressors, Locus of Control and Social Support As Consequences of Affective Psychological Well Being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2, 2, 156-174.
Eddleston, K.A.,Veiga, J.F., & Powell, G.N. (2006). Explaining Sex Differences in Managerial Career Satisfier Preferences : The Role of Gender Self-Schema. Journal of Applied Psychology,91, 2, 437-445.
Elo, A., Ervasti, J., Kuosma, E., & Mattila, P. (2008). Evaluation of an organizational stress management program in a municipal public works organization. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13,1, 10-23.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R.J. (1986). Dynamics of a Stressful Encounter: Cognitive Appraisal, Coping and Encounter Outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 5, 992-1003.
Grawitch, M.J., Trares, S., & Kohler, J.M. (2007). Healthy workplace practices and employee outcomes. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 3, 275-293.
Gross, J.J., Carstensen, L.L., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C.G., & Hsu, A.Y. (1997). Emotion and Aging: Experience, Expression, and Control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 4, 590-599.
Hall, A.T., Royle, M.T., Brymer, R.A., Perrewe, P.l., Ferris, G.R., & Hochwarter, W.A.(2006). Relationships Between Felt Accountability as a Stressor and Strain Reactions: The Neutralizing Role of Autonomy Across Two Studies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,11,1, 87-99.
Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of Resources. A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress. American Psychologist, 44, 3, 513-524.
Hobfoll, S.E., & Spielberger, C.D. (1992). Family stress: Integrating Theory and Measurement. Journal of Family Psychology, 6, 2, 99-112.
Hochwarter, W.A.,Witt, L.A., Treadway, D.C., & Ferris, G.R. (2006). The Interaction of Social Skill and Organizational Support on Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 2, 482-489.
Hudek-Knezevic, J., & Kardum, I. (2000). The effects of Dispozitional and Situa?ional Coping, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisal on Immediate Outcome. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16, 3, 190-201.
Ivancevich, J.M., Matteson, M.T., Freedman, S.M., & Philips, J.S. (1990). Worksite Stress Management Interventions. American Psychologist, 45, 2, 252-261.
Jex, S. M., Beehr, T. A., & Roberts, C. K. (1992). The meaning of Occupational Stress Items to Survey Respondents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 5, 623-628.
Kenny, D.T., & Cooper, C.L. (2003). Introduction: Occupational Stress and Its Management. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 4, 275-279.
Krajewski, H.T., & Goffin, R.D. (2006). Predicting Occupational Coping Responses : The Interactive Effect of Gender and Work Stressor Context. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 1, 44-53.
Lazarus, R.S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., & Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and Adaptational Outcomes. The Problem of Confounded Measures. American Psychologist, 40, 7, 770-779.
Le Blanc, P., de Jonge, J., & Schaufeli, J. (2000). Job Stress and Health. In Chmiel, N. (Ed.) Work and Organizational psychology. A European Perspective. Oxford: Blacwell Publishers Ltd.
Long, B.C., Kahn, S.E., & Schultz, R.W. (1992). Causal Model of Stress and Coping: Women in Management. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 2, 227-239.
Long, B.C., & Schultz, R.W. (1995). Temporal Stability and Replicability of a Workplace Stress and Coping Model for Managerial Women: A Multiwave Panel Study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 3, 266-278.
Martin, E.V. (1992). Designing stress training. In Quick, J. Campbell; R.L. Murphy; J.J.Jr. Hurrell, (Eds.). Stress & well-being at work: Assessments and interventions for occupational mental health. (pp. 207-224). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Nicholson, T., Duncan, D.F., Hawkis, W., Belcastro, P.A., & Gold, R. (1988). Stress Treatment: Two Aspirins, Fluids, and One More Workshop. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 6, 637-641.
Peake, A., & Harris, K.L. (2002). Young Adults' Attitudes toward Multiple Role Plsanning: The Influence of Gender, Career Traditionality, and Marriage Plans. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 405-421.
Portello, J.Y., & Long, B.C. (2001). Appraisal and Coping with workplace International Stress: A model of Women Managers. Journal of Counseling Psychology,48, 2, 144-156.
Quick, J.C., Murphy, L.R., Hurrell, J.J., & Orman, D. (1992). The value of work, the risk of distress, and the power of prevention. In Quick, J. Campbell; R.E. Murphy; J.J.Jr., Hurrell (Eds.). Stress & well-being at work: Assessments and interventions for occupational mental health. (pp. 3-13). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association
Quick, J.C., Quick, J.D.,Nelson, D.L., Hurrell, J.J. (1997) Preventive stress management: From threat to opportunity. In Quick, J. Campbell; J. D; Quick; D. L. Nelson, J.J.Jr., Hurrell (Eds.) Preventive stress management in organizations. (pp. 301-307). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 368 pp.
Reynolds, S. (1997). Psychological Well-Being at Work. Is Prevention Better than Cure? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 93-102.
Richardson, K.M., & Rothstein, H.R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13,1, 69-93.
Saunders, T., Driskell, J.E.,Johnston, J.H., Salas, E. (1996). The effect of stress inoculation training on anxiety and performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 2, 170-186.
Schonfeld, I., Jaesoon, R., Xia, F. (1995). Methodological Issues in Occupational-Stres Research: Research in One Occupational Group and Wider Applications. In S. Sauter, L. Murphy, (Eds.), Organizational Risk Factors for Job Stress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Shaffer, M.A., Bell, M.P., Joplin, J.R., Theresa Lau, T., Oguz, C. (2000). Disruptions to Women's Social Identity: A Comparative Study of Workplace Stress Experienced by Women in Three Geographic Regions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 4, 441-456.
Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse Health Effects of High-Effort/Low-Reward Conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 1, 27-41.
Taris, T.W., Kompier, M.A.., Geurts, S.A., Schreurs, P.J., Schaufeli, W.B., de Boer, E., Sepmeijer, K.J., Watterz, C. (2003). Stress Management Interventions in the Dutch Domiciliary Care Sector: Findings From 81 Organizations. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 4, 297-325.
Theorell, T., Karasek, R.A. (1996). Current Issues Relating to Psychosicial Job Strain and Cardiovascular Disease Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,1, 1, 9-26.
Atella, M.D. (1999). Case Studies in the Development of Organizational Hardiness. From Theory to Practice. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 51, 2, 125-134.
Best, R.G., Stapleton, L.M., & Downey, R.G. (2005). Core Self-Evaluations and Job Burnout: The Test of Alternative Models. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,10, 4, 441-451.
Bond, F.W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5,1, 156-163.
Briner, R.B. (1997). Improving Stress Assessment: Toward an Evidence-Based Approach to Organizational Stress Interventions. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 61-71.
Bruck, C.S., & Allen, T.D. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 457-472.
Bunce, D., & Stephenson, K. (2000). Statistical Considerations in the Interpretation of Research on Occupational Stress Management Interventions. Work & Stress, 14, 3, 197-212.
Capotescu, R. (2006). Stresul ocupațional. Teorii, modele, aplicații. Iași: Editura Lumen.
Capotescu, R. (2007). Aspecte metodologice în investigarea stresului ocupațional. Tehnici și metode de diagnoză. În M. Milcu, C. Răulea, R. Sassu (Eds.) Cercetarea psihologică modernă: Direcții și Perspective, Sibiu: Psihomedia, p 113-121.
Cartwright, S., & Cooper, C.L. (1996). Public Policy and Occupational Health Psychology in Europe. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 4, 349-361.
Cassidy, C., & O'Connor, R.C. (2004). Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology Copyright 2004 by the American Psychological Association 51, 3, 329-339.
Caulfield, N., Chang, D., Dollard, M.F., & Elshaug, C. (2004). A Review of Occupational Stress Interventions in Australia. International Journal of Stress Management,11, 2, 149-166.
Contrada, R.J. (1989). Type A Behavior, Personality Hardiness, and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,57, 5, 895-903
Cooper, C.L., & Cartwright, S. (1997). An Intervention Strategy for Workplace Stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 7-16.
Cooper, C.L., & Cartwright, S. (2001). Organizational Management of Stress and Destructive Emotions at Work. In R.L. Payne, C.L. Cooper, (Eds.), Emotions at Work. Theory, Research and Applications for Management, Chichester, England, John Wiley and Sons, p. 269-280.
Daniels, K., & Guppy, A. (1997). Stressors, Locus of Control and Social Support As Consequences of Affective Psychological Well Being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,2, 2, 156-174.
Eddleston, K.A.,Veiga, J.F., & Powell, G.N. (2006). Explaining Sex Differences in Managerial Career Satisfier Preferences : The Role of Gender Self-Schema. Journal of Applied Psychology,91, 2, 437-445.
Elo, A., Ervasti, J., Kuosma, E., & Mattila, P. (2008). Evaluation of an organizational stress management program in a municipal public works organization. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13,1, 10-23.
Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R.J. (1986). Dynamics of a Stressful Encounter: Cognitive Appraisal, Coping and Encounter Outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 5, 992-1003.
Grawitch, M.J., Trares, S., & Kohler, J.M. (2007). Healthy workplace practices and employee outcomes. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 3, 275-293.
Gross, J.J., Carstensen, L.L., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C.G., & Hsu, A.Y. (1997). Emotion and Aging: Experience, Expression, and Control. Psychology and Aging, 12, 4, 590-599.
Hall, A.T., Royle, M.T., Brymer, R.A., Perrewe, P.l., Ferris, G.R., & Hochwarter, W.A.(2006). Relationships Between Felt Accountability as a Stressor and Strain Reactions: The Neutralizing Role of Autonomy Across Two Studies. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,11,1, 87-99.
Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of Resources. A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress. American Psychologist, 44, 3, 513-524.
Hobfoll, S.E., & Spielberger, C.D. (1992). Family stress: Integrating Theory and Measurement. Journal of Family Psychology, 6, 2, 99-112.
Hochwarter, W.A.,Witt, L.A., Treadway, D.C., & Ferris, G.R. (2006). The Interaction of Social Skill and Organizational Support on Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 2, 482-489.
Hudek-Knezevic, J., & Kardum, I. (2000). The effects of Dispozitional and Situa?ional Coping, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisal on Immediate Outcome. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16, 3, 190-201.
Ivancevich, J.M., Matteson, M.T., Freedman, S.M., & Philips, J.S. (1990). Worksite Stress Management Interventions. American Psychologist, 45, 2, 252-261.
Jex, S. M., Beehr, T. A., & Roberts, C. K. (1992). The meaning of Occupational Stress Items to Survey Respondents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 5, 623-628.
Kenny, D.T., & Cooper, C.L. (2003). Introduction: Occupational Stress and Its Management. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 4, 275-279.
Krajewski, H.T., & Goffin, R.D. (2006). Predicting Occupational Coping Responses : The Interactive Effect of Gender and Work Stressor Context. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 1, 44-53.
Lazarus, R.S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., & Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and Adaptational Outcomes. The Problem of Confounded Measures. American Psychologist, 40, 7, 770-779.
Le Blanc, P., de Jonge, J., & Schaufeli, J. (2000). Job Stress and Health. In Chmiel, N. (Ed.) Work and Organizational psychology. A European Perspective. Oxford: Blacwell Publishers Ltd.
Long, B.C., Kahn, S.E., & Schultz, R.W. (1992). Causal Model of Stress and Coping: Women in Management. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 2, 227-239.
Long, B.C., & Schultz, R.W. (1995). Temporal Stability and Replicability of a Workplace Stress and Coping Model for Managerial Women: A Multiwave Panel Study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 3, 266-278.
Martin, E.V. (1992). Designing stress training. In Quick, J. Campbell; R.L. Murphy; J.J.Jr. Hurrell, (Eds.). Stress & well-being at work: Assessments and interventions for occupational mental health. (pp. 207-224). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Nicholson, T., Duncan, D.F., Hawkis, W., Belcastro, P.A., & Gold, R. (1988). Stress Treatment: Two Aspirins, Fluids, and One More Workshop. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 6, 637-641.
Peake, A., & Harris, K.L. (2002). Young Adults' Attitudes toward Multiple Role Plsanning: The Influence of Gender, Career Traditionality, and Marriage Plans. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 405-421.
Portello, J.Y., & Long, B.C. (2001). Appraisal and Coping with workplace International Stress: A model of Women Managers. Journal of Counseling Psychology,48, 2, 144-156.
Quick, J.C., Murphy, L.R., Hurrell, J.J., & Orman, D. (1992). The value of work, the risk of distress, and the power of prevention. In Quick, J. Campbell; R.E. Murphy; J.J.Jr., Hurrell (Eds.). Stress & well-being at work: Assessments and interventions for occupational mental health. (pp. 3-13). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association
Quick, J.C., Quick, J.D.,Nelson, D.L., Hurrell, J.J. (1997) Preventive stress management: From threat to opportunity. In Quick, J. Campbell; J. D; Quick; D. L. Nelson, J.J.Jr., Hurrell (Eds.) Preventive stress management in organizations. (pp. 301-307). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 368 pp.
Reynolds, S. (1997). Psychological Well-Being at Work. Is Prevention Better than Cure? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 1, 93-102.
Richardson, K.M., & Rothstein, H.R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13,1, 69-93.
Saunders, T., Driskell, J.E.,Johnston, J.H., Salas, E. (1996). The effect of stress inoculation training on anxiety and performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 2, 170-186.
Schonfeld, I., Jaesoon, R., Xia, F. (1995). Methodological Issues in Occupational-Stres Research: Research in One Occupational Group and Wider Applications. In S. Sauter, L. Murphy, (Eds.), Organizational Risk Factors for Job Stress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Shaffer, M.A., Bell, M.P., Joplin, J.R., Theresa Lau, T., Oguz, C. (2000). Disruptions to Women's Social Identity: A Comparative Study of Workplace Stress Experienced by Women in Three Geographic Regions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 4, 441-456.
Siegrist, J. (1996). Adverse Health Effects of High-Effort/Low-Reward Conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 1, 27-41.
Taris, T.W., Kompier, M.A.., Geurts, S.A., Schreurs, P.J., Schaufeli, W.B., de Boer, E., Sepmeijer, K.J., Watterz, C. (2003). Stress Management Interventions in the Dutch Domiciliary Care Sector: Findings From 81 Organizations. International Journal of Stress Management, 10, 4, 297-325.
Theorell, T., Karasek, R.A. (1996). Current Issues Relating to Psychosicial Job Strain and Cardiovascular Disease Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,1, 1, 9-26.
Downloads
Published
2020-01-21
How to Cite
Capotescu, R. (2020). Stress Management in Organizations. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 6(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v6i1.344
Issue
Section
Research articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal,it also allows for use of the work for non-commercial purposes and if others remix, transform or build upon the works found in this journal they must distribute the contributions under the same licence as the original.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See: The Effect of Open Access).
