The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for Use With Romanian Students
Keywords:
adaptation to college, academic adjustment, attachmentAbstract
The paper discusses the cultural adaptation of the SACQ — The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, in Romania. It describes the translation and adaptation process, the structure of the Romanian normative sample and the psychometric characteristics of the Romanian form of the measure. Also, conclusions drawn are discussed regarding implications of the normative sample, regarding comparisons between specific criterion groups contained in the normative sample. Our interest on SACQ is based on two general reasons. First of all, SACQ is the most popular questionnaire that measures multi-dimensionally the students’ adaptation to college, and secondly, we wish to bring to the market an instrument which may be useful to all counseling centers from the universities and high-schools in Romania. In Romania, the standardized sample had a volume of 1806 subjects, out of which 1167 were women (64.61%) and 639 men (35.38%), to maintain equivalence in proportions to the total of the student population in universities. The participants aged 17 to 64 years old, 94.7% of the students were 25 years old, and 75.19% were first-year students.
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References
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Aysan, F. B., Băban, A., Savage, G., De Vijver, F. (2001). Causes of Student Failure: A Cross-cultural Comparative Study of Turkish, South-African and Romanian Students. Creier, Cogniţie, Comportament, 5(2), 125–136.
Azar, N. N., & Reshadatjoo, H. (2014). Adjustment amongst first-year students in an Iranian university. Journal of Education Research and Behavioral Sciences, 3(5), 102–105.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1984a). Measuring academic motivation of matriculating college freshmen. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 459–464.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1984b). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 179–189.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1986). Exploratory intervention with a scale measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 31–38.
Baker, R. W., McNeil, O. V., & Siryk, B. (1985). Expectation and reality in freshman adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 94–103.
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1999). Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire [Manual]. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Beyers, W., &. Goossens, L. (2002). Concurrent and predictive validity of the student adaptation to college questionnaire in a sample of European freshman students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 527–538.
Bowles, A. F., Fisher, R., McPhail, R., Rosenstreich, D., & Dobson, A. (2014). Staying the distance: students’ perceptions of enablers of transition to higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(2), 212–225.
Briggs, A. R., Clark, J., & Hall, I. (2012). Building bridges: understanding student transition to university. Quality in Higher Education, 18(1), 3–21.
Caplan, S. M., Henderson, C. E., Henderson, J., & Fleming, D. L. (2002). Socioemotional factors contributing to adjustment among early-entrance
The student adaptation to college questionnaire (SACQ) for use with Romanian students 25
college students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 46, 124–134.
Carayon, S. &. & Gilles, P. Y. (2005). Développement du questionnaire d’adaptation des étudiants à l’universtité (QAEU) [Development of the Adaptation Questionnaire for University Students]. L’Orientation Scolaire et Professionelle, 43(2), 165–189.
Christie, H. M., Munro, M., & Fisher, T. (2004). Leaving university early: exploring the differences between continuing and non-continuing students. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 617–636.
Clinciu, A. (2012). Adaptation and Stress for the First Year University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 718–722.
Crede, M. N., & Niehorster, S. (2013). Adjustment to College as Measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire: A Quantitative Review of its Structure and Relationships with Correlates and Consequences. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 133–165.
Da Re, L., & Zago, G. (2015). Academic transition and peer tutoring: A case study at the University of Padova. Education Applications & Developments Advances in Education and Educational Trends Series. Science Press, Lisboa, Portugal.
Feldt, R. C., Graham, M., & Dew, D. (2011). Measurement Adjustment to College: Construct Validity of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 44–92. Flescher, M. (1986, August). Social networks and student adjustment following parental divorce and remarriage. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
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Graham, C. B., Baker, R. W., & Wapner, S. (1984). Prior interracial experience and Black student transition into predominantly White colleges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1146–1154.
Hickman, G. P., & Andrews, D. W. (2003). Humor and college adjustment: The predictive nature of humor, academic achievement, authoritative parenting style on the initial adjustment of male and female first-year college students. Journal of the First-Year Experience, 61–82.
Hinderlie, H. H., & Kenny, M. (2002). Attachment, social support and college adjustment among black students at predominantly white universities. Journal of College Student Development, 43, 327–340.
Jackson, L. P., Pratt, M.W., Hunsberger, B., & Pancer, S.M. (2005). Optimism as a mediator of the relation between perceived parental authoritativeness and adjustment among adolescents: Finding the sunny side of the street. Social Development, 14, 273–304.
Quinn, J. (2013). Drop-out and Completion in Higher Education in Europe among students from underrepresented groups. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
McDonald, S. D., & Vrana, S. R. (2007). Interracial social comfort and its relationship to adjustment to college. Journal of Negro Education, 76, 130–141.
Rice, K. G., Vergara, D. T., & Aldea, M. A. (2006). Cognitive-affective mediators of perfectionism and college student adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 463-473.
Rienties, B., Luchoomun, D., & Tempelaar, D. (2014). Academic and social integration of Master students: a cross-institutional comparison between Dutch and international students. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(2), 130–141.
Rocha, M. & Matos, P. M (2008). Adaptaçao do student adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) a uma amostra de adolescentes de escolas regulares, profissionais e pólos de aprendizagem. Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 20, 171–196.
Rodríguez, M. S., Tinajero, C., Guisande, M. A., & Páramo, M. F. (2012). The student adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for use with Spanish students. Psychological Reports, 111(2), 624–640.
Sava, S., Bunoiu, M., Lucheș, D., & Malița, L. (2015) Adaptarea studenților de anul I la viața academică. Conferința. Comunitățile de învățare în secolul 21. Provocări pentru învățământul superior.
Savino, F., Reuter-Krohn, K., & Costar, D. (1986, April). Freshman adjustment at UW-Madison residence halls: A preliminary analysis. Paper presented at the meeting of the American College Personnel Association, New Orleans, LA.
Schneider, M. E., & Ward, D. J. (2003). The role of ethnic identification and perceived social support in Latinos’ adjustment to college. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25, 539–554.
Sennett, J. F., Finchilescu, G., Gibson, K., & Strauss, R. (2003). Adjustment of black students at a historically white South African university. Educational Psychology, 23, 107–116.
Smith, M. A., & Baker, R. W. (1987). Freshman decidedness regarding academic major and adjustment to college. Psychological Reports, 61, 847–853.
Tao, S. D., Dong, Q., Pratt, M. W., Hunsberger, B., & Pancer, S. M. (2000). Social support: Relations to coping and adjustment during the transition to university in the people’s Republic of China. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 123–144.
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125.
Tinto, V. (2006). Research And Practice Of Student Retention: What Next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8(1), 1–19.
Tomprou, M., & Nikolaou, I.(2011). A model of psychological contract creation upon organizational entry. Career development international, 16(4), 342–363.
Waller, T. O. (2009). A mixed method approach for assessing the adjustment of incoming first-year students in a summer bridge program. Blaksburg, Virginia: Disertation submitted to the graduate Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Wintre, M. G., Gates, S. K. E., Pancer, W. M., Pratt, M. S., Polivy, J., et al. (2008). The transition to university: The student university match (SUM) questionnaire. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 745–769.
Wintre, M. G., Bowers, C., Gordner, N., & Lange, L. (2006). Re-evaluating the university attrition statistic: A longitudinal follow-up study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(2), 111–132.
Wintre, M. G., & Sugar, L. A. (2000). Relationships with parents, personality, and the university transition. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 202–214.
Wintre, M. G., & Yaffe, M. (2000). First-year students’ adjustment to university life as a function of relationships with parents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 9–37.
Zepke, N., & Leach, L. (2005). Integration and adaptation. Active Learning in Higher Education, 6(1), 46–59.
Zhou, Y. J.-S., Jindal-Snape, D., Topping, K., & Todman, J. (2008). Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63–78.
Aysan, F. B., Băban, A., Savage, G., De Vijver, F. (2001). Causes of Student Failure: A Cross-cultural Comparative Study of Turkish, South-African and Romanian Students. Creier, Cogniţie, Comportament, 5(2), 125–136.
Azar, N. N., & Reshadatjoo, H. (2014). Adjustment amongst first-year students in an Iranian university. Journal of Education Research and Behavioral Sciences, 3(5), 102–105.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1984a). Measuring academic motivation of matriculating college freshmen. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 459–464.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1984b). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 179–189.
Baker, R. W. & Siryk, B. (1986). Exploratory intervention with a scale measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 31–38.
Baker, R. W., McNeil, O. V., & Siryk, B. (1985). Expectation and reality in freshman adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 94–103.
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1999). Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire [Manual]. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Beyers, W., &. Goossens, L. (2002). Concurrent and predictive validity of the student adaptation to college questionnaire in a sample of European freshman students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 527–538.
Bowles, A. F., Fisher, R., McPhail, R., Rosenstreich, D., & Dobson, A. (2014). Staying the distance: students’ perceptions of enablers of transition to higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(2), 212–225.
Briggs, A. R., Clark, J., & Hall, I. (2012). Building bridges: understanding student transition to university. Quality in Higher Education, 18(1), 3–21.
Caplan, S. M., Henderson, C. E., Henderson, J., & Fleming, D. L. (2002). Socioemotional factors contributing to adjustment among early-entrance
The student adaptation to college questionnaire (SACQ) for use with Romanian students 25
college students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 46, 124–134.
Carayon, S. &. & Gilles, P. Y. (2005). Développement du questionnaire d’adaptation des étudiants à l’universtité (QAEU) [Development of the Adaptation Questionnaire for University Students]. L’Orientation Scolaire et Professionelle, 43(2), 165–189.
Christie, H. M., Munro, M., & Fisher, T. (2004). Leaving university early: exploring the differences between continuing and non-continuing students. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 617–636.
Clinciu, A. (2012). Adaptation and Stress for the First Year University Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 718–722.
Crede, M. N., & Niehorster, S. (2013). Adjustment to College as Measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire: A Quantitative Review of its Structure and Relationships with Correlates and Consequences. Educational Psychology Review, 24, 133–165.
Da Re, L., & Zago, G. (2015). Academic transition and peer tutoring: A case study at the University of Padova. Education Applications & Developments Advances in Education and Educational Trends Series. Science Press, Lisboa, Portugal.
Feldt, R. C., Graham, M., & Dew, D. (2011). Measurement Adjustment to College: Construct Validity of the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 44–92. Flescher, M. (1986, August). Social networks and student adjustment following parental divorce and remarriage. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Friedland, C. D. (1990). Relationship between adjustment to physical disability and belief systems in persons with physical disability (Doctoral dissertation, Hofstra University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 6150B.
Graham, C. B., Baker, R. W., & Wapner, S. (1984). Prior interracial experience and Black student transition into predominantly White colleges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1146–1154.
Hickman, G. P., & Andrews, D. W. (2003). Humor and college adjustment: The predictive nature of humor, academic achievement, authoritative parenting style on the initial adjustment of male and female first-year college students. Journal of the First-Year Experience, 61–82.
Hinderlie, H. H., & Kenny, M. (2002). Attachment, social support and college adjustment among black students at predominantly white universities. Journal of College Student Development, 43, 327–340.
Jackson, L. P., Pratt, M.W., Hunsberger, B., & Pancer, S.M. (2005). Optimism as a mediator of the relation between perceived parental authoritativeness and adjustment among adolescents: Finding the sunny side of the street. Social Development, 14, 273–304.
Quinn, J. (2013). Drop-out and Completion in Higher Education in Europe among students from underrepresented groups. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
McDonald, S. D., & Vrana, S. R. (2007). Interracial social comfort and its relationship to adjustment to college. Journal of Negro Education, 76, 130–141.
Rice, K. G., Vergara, D. T., & Aldea, M. A. (2006). Cognitive-affective mediators of perfectionism and college student adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 463-473.
Rienties, B., Luchoomun, D., & Tempelaar, D. (2014). Academic and social integration of Master students: a cross-institutional comparison between Dutch and international students. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(2), 130–141.
Rocha, M. & Matos, P. M (2008). Adaptaçao do student adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) a uma amostra de adolescentes de escolas regulares, profissionais e pólos de aprendizagem. Psicologia, Educação e Cultura, 20, 171–196.
Rodríguez, M. S., Tinajero, C., Guisande, M. A., & Páramo, M. F. (2012). The student adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for use with Spanish students. Psychological Reports, 111(2), 624–640.
Sava, S., Bunoiu, M., Lucheș, D., & Malița, L. (2015) Adaptarea studenților de anul I la viața academică. Conferința. Comunitățile de învățare în secolul 21. Provocări pentru învățământul superior.
Savino, F., Reuter-Krohn, K., & Costar, D. (1986, April). Freshman adjustment at UW-Madison residence halls: A preliminary analysis. Paper presented at the meeting of the American College Personnel Association, New Orleans, LA.
Schneider, M. E., & Ward, D. J. (2003). The role of ethnic identification and perceived social support in Latinos’ adjustment to college. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25, 539–554.
Sennett, J. F., Finchilescu, G., Gibson, K., & Strauss, R. (2003). Adjustment of black students at a historically white South African university. Educational Psychology, 23, 107–116.
Smith, M. A., & Baker, R. W. (1987). Freshman decidedness regarding academic major and adjustment to college. Psychological Reports, 61, 847–853.
Tao, S. D., Dong, Q., Pratt, M. W., Hunsberger, B., & Pancer, S. M. (2000). Social support: Relations to coping and adjustment during the transition to university in the people’s Republic of China. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 123–144.
Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89–125.
Tinto, V. (2006). Research And Practice Of Student Retention: What Next? Journal of College Student Retention, 8(1), 1–19.
Tomprou, M., & Nikolaou, I.(2011). A model of psychological contract creation upon organizational entry. Career development international, 16(4), 342–363.
Waller, T. O. (2009). A mixed method approach for assessing the adjustment of incoming first-year students in a summer bridge program. Blaksburg, Virginia: Disertation submitted to the graduate Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Wintre, M. G., Gates, S. K. E., Pancer, W. M., Pratt, M. S., Polivy, J., et al. (2008). The transition to university: The student university match (SUM) questionnaire. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 745–769.
Wintre, M. G., Bowers, C., Gordner, N., & Lange, L. (2006). Re-evaluating the university attrition statistic: A longitudinal follow-up study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(2), 111–132.
Wintre, M. G., & Sugar, L. A. (2000). Relationships with parents, personality, and the university transition. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 202–214.
Wintre, M. G., & Yaffe, M. (2000). First-year students’ adjustment to university life as a function of relationships with parents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(1), 9–37.
Zepke, N., & Leach, L. (2005). Integration and adaptation. Active Learning in Higher Education, 6(1), 46–59.
Zhou, Y. J.-S., Jindal-Snape, D., Topping, K., & Todman, J. (2008). Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 33(1), 63–78.
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2020-02-01
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Grama, B. (2020). The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for Use With Romanian Students. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 16(1), 16–26. Retrieved from https://www.hrp-journal.com.new-skills.eu/index.php/pru/article/view/449
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